
Place page numbers in the top right or bottom center.The following general format guidelines should be followed unless your university provides different ones: Unlike the Chicago Manual itself, Turabian presents guidelines for formatting an academic paper, thesis, or dissertation. This style is mainly used in the sciences.Īuthor last name, First name. In author-date style, in-text citations appear in parentheses, with a reference list listing all your sources at the end.In notes and bibliography style, citations appear in footnotes or endnotes, with a bibliography or annotated bibliography at the end listing all your sources in full.How do citations work in Turabian style?Ĭhicago and Turabian style both offer a choice between two citation styles: notes and bibliography, and author-date: Turabian is not a separate style from Chicago, but rather presents Chicago guidelines in a way that prioritizes student needs.Īs such, Turabian differs from Chicago only in minor ways-formatting advice tailored to student papers, greater detail regarding specific citation formats-and the Turabian guidelines are the ones you should follow in your papers. Where the Chicago Manual of Style is mainly aimed at publishers, Turabian is specifically aimed at students. The ninth and latest edition was published in 2018. Turabian published the first edition of A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations-often called “Turabian” for short-in 1937.


Writers use footnotes and endnotes in documents to explain, comment on, or provide references to something they’ve mentioned in a document.
